In any injury, cut, or incision, the body initiates a protective response. It releases hormones, enzymes, and inhibitors into the blood to stop bleeding. A clot forms, sealing the injury site and halting blood loss.
Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) – a protein, embryonic substance, the elevated concentration of which in blood serum may indicate the presence of malignant tumors, particularly nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma.
Transaminase activity testing entered clinical practice in 1954. Today, AST blood tests are widely used for liver and other organ/tissue diseases.
Elevated reference values in ASLO testing are characteristic of rheumatism, chronic tonsillitis, and streptococcal-related conditions – tonsillitis, scarlet fever, purulent inflammation, nephritis, pyoderma.
ALT transaminase concentration testing is used as a functional liver test. Studies of its biochemical role show that increased activity reflects disease stage and complications, not etiology.
Total IgM – a humoral immunity component. During acute inflammation, class M antibody production surges, entering blood vessels for primary defense.
Total IgE – a specific immunoglobulin responsible for allergic diseases. Allergy is an immune defense variant triggered by tissue damage from typically benign antigens.
IgA binds to viruses and bacteria, preventing their adhesion to mucosal surfaces. It’s a key mediator in neutralizing viral infections and diseases, enhancing phagocytic activity and conferring resistance to infections.
Total IgA – a component of humoral immunity. These proteins protect against foreign agents locally (in tonsils, adenoids, intestines, etc.) and are present in blood serum, saliva, intestinal and respiratory secretions, breast milk, and tears.
IgG – the primary blood isotope in humans, a component of humoral immunity.