Osteoporosis diagnostics. Prices, reviews, ratings
This article covers the issues of conducting research for the presence of a disease that affects human bone tissue. It is manifested by increased fragility of bones due to a decrease in their density.
This article covers the issues of conducting research for the presence of a disease that affects human bone tissue. It manifests itself in increased fragility of bones due to a decrease in their density.
General information
Diagnosing osteoporosis is extremely important, since a decrease in the strength of the body's skeleton leads to frequent fractures. The cause of the disease is the predominance of destruction processes over renewal processes.
Such imbalance is caused by various endocrine diseases, insufficient amounts of magnesium, potassium and vitamin D in the body, bad habits, and a sedentary lifestyle. Osteoporosis diagnostics in women must be carried out after menopause, since during this period the likelihood of its occurrence is increased. Certain medications and hereditary predisposition also contribute to a decrease in the strength of bone structures.
Procedure
Before the examination, the patient must exclude physical activity and alcohol consumption the day before the tests. The last meal should be at least 12 hours before blood sampling.
Laboratory diagnostics
Laboratory diagnostics of osteoporosis consists of a comprehensive examination of the body's skeleton. The following methods are used for this:
- clinical;
- radiation;
- biochemical;
- biopsy.
Let's consider each of them separately.
Clinical analysis includes interviewing the patient, during which health complaints are identified, followed by comparing these data with the symptoms of the disease. The length of the spine is also measured and compared with earlier measurements. Usually, with age, the length of the spine decreases by three millimeters every year; in the presence of pathology, this parameter can reach one centimeter or more.
Radiation research can be carried out using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging: at an early stage, the disease manifests itself in the form of spots of reduced density. Modern diagnostic equipment allows you to get a 3D model and evaluate how minerals are distributed in solid layers.
The most commonly used examination is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, which allows you to determine bone density.
It is carried out as follows: the patient lies down on a special table, the diagnostic device passes over the body and emits low-dose X-rays through the bones. An image of the skeleton will show how the radiation is distributed when passing through the components of the skeleton.
Biochemical analysis consists of obtaining the following data and comparing them with standards:
- Total calcium. The amount of this element, important for the skeleton, heart muscle and nerve cells, is determined. Normally, the parameter is in the range from 2.19 to 2.65 mmol / l. Deviations allow us to suspect one or another form of pathology.
- Inorganic phosphorus. This essential component in the body is contained in the form of salts. Normal levels of its content in the blood: from 0.85 to 1.45 μmol/l. Deviations from the norm indicate pathology.
- Parathyroid hormone. Responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In the absence of deviations, the indicators fluctuate from 9.5 to 75.0 pg/ml.
- Deoxypyridonoline. The excretion of this component in the urine increases with different types of the above-mentioned disease. Normal values differ for representatives of different sexes: men - 2.3-5.4 nmol/mol creatinine, women - 3.0-7.4 nmol/mol creatinine.
By examining a biopsy - biomaterial obtained by biopsy - the nature of metabolic processes is determined. In order not to confuse lesions of the hard base of the body with malignant tumors, material from the crest of the iliac wing is examined.
Indications
The disease can be latent for a long period of time. The following are signs that should prompt you to see a doctor:
- convulsions;
- muscle spasms;
- sharp pain when moving or standing for a long time;
- decreased height;
- deformities;
- slowly healing fractures.
Prices and clinics
Diagnostics and treatment of osteoporosis are often carried out with the participation of doctors of several specialties: endocrinologist, orthopedist, rheumatologist, cardiologist and neurologist, since the problem of high fragility is multifaceted and associated with various metabolic mechanisms.
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