Joint surgery. Prices, reviews, ratings
Joint surgery is performed when it is necessary to save the patient from pain and limited movement caused by injuries or various diseases.
Joint surgery is performed when it is necessary to save the patient from pain and limited mobility caused by injuries or various diseases.
General information
The most Common surgical procedures in orthopedics include: puncture, arthrotomy, arthrodesis, arthrolysis, and endoprosthetics. Tissue dissection is used only in cases where non-invasive treatment measures have not yielded positive results.
Process
Puncture — penetration into a cavity to collect fluid — can be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Before the invasion, the site of the future puncture is disinfected with iodine, which is then washed off with 70% alcohol. Local infiltration anesthesia is administered. When advancing the needle, the skin is moved to the side to achieve curvature of the canal. This is done to prevent superficial infection from penetrating inside and the contents being examined from coming out. A sign of a puncture of the joint capsule for the doctor will be a feeling of falling into an empty space. The internal contents of the joint cavity are sucked out with a syringe. If necessary, medications are injected there.
The penetration site is treated with alcohol and sealed with a napkin. Then a tight bandage is applied, sometimes a splint is used.
Arthrotomy is an opening of the area of the articulation of bones. It is performed to remove foreign formations.
Anesthesia: general anesthesia, local intraosseous, infiltration or spinal anesthesia. Incisions are made along the course of the vessels and nerves, trying not to touch the ligamentous apparatus, if possible. After dissection, the cavity is cleaned of blood clots, foreign bodies and dead cells. Antibiotics are administered if necessary.
Arthrodesis is a surgical procedure to immobilize the junction of two bone structures.
The skin and tissue are cut with conventional surgical instruments. The articular ends are opened with raspators. The articulation of the bones is fixed:
- with a three-bladed nail - if the operation is performed on the hip joint;
- with a Sivash apparatus - if the operation is performed on the knee joint;
- with a bone graft or plaster bandage - when nothing else is indicated.
The wound is sutured in layers.
The arthrolysis procedure, or arthroscopy, is indicated for advanced stages of arthrosis. During the procedure, pathological structures of the cartilage and meniscus are removed.
A straight midline incision is made. The muscle is cut off. The supporting ligament and synovial membrane are cut. After penetrating into the operated area, the adhesions are cut. They are usually the reason for the failure of conservative methods. The deformed meniscus is cut off. The wound is washed with novocaine and sutured.
The limb is bent as much as possible and fixed in this position.
Endoprosthetics is the replacement of the pathological area with an artificial device that imitates natural formations.
Polymer and ceramic materials are used to make prostheses, as well as metals that do not oxidize in organic tissues and easily take root. The bones are fixed with specially prepared mixtures of acrylic resin, chromium and cobalt.
Prosthetics is performed under general anesthesia or epidural anesthesia (for lower limbs). A hemostatic tourniquet is applied above the site of surgery. An incision 20-30 cm long is made. The cup is shifted. All deformed bone structures are cut off. The upper part of the joint is replaced with a steel part of a specially adapted shape. The lower part is replaced with a steel plate with plastic inserts on it. After fixing the prosthesis with special mixtures, the wound is sutured and a bandage is applied. Patients are prescribed antibiotics and painkillers.
Indications
The most common reason for being sent to the operating room is arthrosis. The disease manifests itself as deformation, inflammatory processes, pain.
Patients are also brought to the surgical department with various infectious diseases, injuries and consequences of previous pathological disorders.
Contraindications
Sometimes cases of undesirable consequences of surgical interventions are recorded:
- development of infection;
- rupture of the synovial membrane;
- blood loss;
- dislocation of the endoprosthesis, etc.
Prices and clinics
The above therapeutic actions are performed by orthopedic surgeons. For an accurate diagnosis, consultations with many specialists may be required. You can find out about doctors' schedules and consultation costs on the medical portal .
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