What are the diseases of the nervous system?

Agnosia is a complex disorder of perception in a conscious state. Partial or complete damage to the organs responsible for receiving information, both from outside and from the body itself, is possible.

Amnesia is a pathological condition in which there is an inability to remember, store and reproduce distant or recent events.

Arnold-Chiari malformation is a congenital disorder in which the cerebellum (one of the parts of the brain) is located directly in the posterior cranial fossa, although normally it should be located above the foramen magnum.

Apraxia is a condition in which a person loses the ability to perform habitual actions. That is, the patient retains strength in the limbs and motor activity, but the memory of the sequence of actions is impaired.

An arachnoid cyst is a cavity filled with fluid that occurs as a result of the delamination of the arachnoid membrane of the elements of the central nervous system.

Ataxia is a disorder of coordination of movements, statics and motor skills. Balance is disturbed in various positions (while walking and standing).

Autism is a disorder that affects a person's interactions in society, communication, behavior and interests. The disease can find its expression in a variety of forms, but it always occurs as a result of developmental disorders in the brain.

Basilar impression is a pathology characterized by the indentation of a section of the occipital bone in the craniovertebral junction area into the skull.

Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person cannot get enough sleep. In this case, sleep becomes short-lived or shallow. The most common causes of deviation are psychological problems, disruption of the usual regime, various diseases (heart, liver, etc.), use of psychotropic drugs.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe disease of the nervous system, which is characterized by selective damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain. Today, this disease is chronic and incurable.

Alzheimer's disease is an incurable degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, in which memory, speech, and logic gradually deteriorate and are lost, and intellectual impairment is observed. Most often, the disease develops in people over 60 years of age.

Wilson-Konovalov disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is a hereditary disease in which there is a violation of copper metabolism in the body. As a result, copper accumulates in the liver and brain, which leads to the development of various pathologies.

Parkinson's disease or shaking palsy is a slowly progressing, idiopathic disease of the central nervous system, visually expressed in impaired reflexes, tremors, and muscle rigidity. At risk are people aged 57-65.

Pick's disease or lobar sclerosis is a rare chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system, which is characterized by atrophy and destruction of the cerebral cortex, especially in the temporal and frontal lobes. This disease occurs in people over 50 years old. The life expectancy of patients is about 6 years.

Vestibulo-ataxic syndrome is a common pathology associated with disorders of the vascular system of the human body. The pathological process begins with minor symptoms and then leads to significant deviations in motor functions.

Vibration disease is a disease caused by prolonged exposure to vibration on the human body and often associated with his professional activities.

Viral meningitis is an inflammation of the dura mater, which is caused by filterable viruses. Most often, this disease can be contracted by airborne droplets or through contact with a sick person. The incubation period of infectious meningitis is up to four days.

Ganglioneuritis is a disease in which there is an inflammatory lesion of the ganglion with the subsequent addition of the nerve trunks associated with the ganglion to the inflammatory process.

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a malignant neurogenic neoplasm that contains neuroblasts and ganglion cells.

Hemorrhagic stroke is a sudden intracerebral hemorrhage due to a ruptured artery due to changes in blood pressure.

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder that causes excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles of the brain or disruption of its normal outflow.

Hypersomnia is a human condition characterized by prolonged and excessive sleep. With hypersomnia, daytime sleepiness alternates with prolonged nighttime sleep.

Headache is a painful sensation, discomfort in the head, localized in different places - from the eyebrow line to the back of the head. Headache is considered as an independent disease or as a symptom of other pathologies.

Headache in the temples (cephalgia) is a feeling of discomfort in the head, which can be a symptom of a pathological condition or various diseases occurring in the human body.

Headache in the back of the head is one of the most common symptoms of various diseases that are characterized by pain or discomfort in the back of the head (partially the neck).

Headaches during pregnancy are discomfort or pain that are localized from the eyebrow line to the back of the head. Headaches during pregnancy indicate changes in a woman's body that are typical for her in this condition.

Dizziness is a condition caused by various environmental factors, as well as pathologies and diseases, during which there is a loss of balance, a feeling of instability, unsteadiness, and rotation of surrounding objects.

Dementia is a decrease in the intellectual abilities of the human brain, which is accompanied by a violation of memorization, concentration, logic, learning and reproduction of previously acquired knowledge. The disease progresses slowly, is very extended in time and it occurs individually for each person.

Depressive neurosis is one of the types of disorders of a neurotic nature, which is manifested by physical inactivity, depressed mood, and inhibited reactions.

Diabetic neuropathy is a combination of various symptoms of damage to the nervous system that occur against the background of diabetes mellitus.

Discogenic myelopathy is a neurological disease in which the structures of the spinal cord are affected due to compression by the intervertebral disc.

Dystrophic myotonia Rossolimo-Steinert-Kurshman is a hereditary disease with a slowly progressive effect. Patients have atrophic signs in the muscles of the neck, face, limbs, decreased intellectual abilities, arrhythmia.

Cystemic encephalopathy is a chronic and slowly progressing disease of the brain vessels, which is manifested by a gradual deterioration in the work of all its functions (DEP).

Benign rolandic epilepsy is one of the types of focal epilepsy, which is genetically determined. The disease manifests itself in the form of rare, usually nocturnal attacks, convulsive attacks affecting one half of the face, throat and tongue.

Dorsalgia is a collective term that refers to any back pain, regardless of its origin.

Hiccups are an unnatural breathing condition that results in short specific breathing movements that occur due to jerky contractions of the diaphragm.

Stroke is a destructive disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain and the entire blood supply to this organ, in which this acute disorder can occur either in a specific focus, or it can be a general lesion of the organ's functions.

Ischemic stroke is an acute disruption of blood supply to the brain. Of the strokes, ischemic type disorders account for more than eighty percent.

A brain cyst is a benign formation in the cavity of the brain, having a spherical shape, filled with fluid.

A pellucid septum cyst is a capsule-shaped cavity formation with dense walls, filled with fluid, and located in the cavity of the brain. The walls of the septum pellucidum cyst consist of arachnoid cells, and it is filled with cerebrospinal fluid - cerebrospinal fluid.

Coma is an acute condition of the human body that threatens his life and is characterized by loss of consciousness, disruption of the central nervous system, suppression of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system. Sometimes it is a characteristic of the decrease in the function of the central nervous system, as a result of which brain death may begin.

Lumbago is an acute pain in the lumbar region, accompanied by constant tone (tension) of the back muscles. The symptoms of lumbago are similar to the symptoms of rheumatism, which often leads to an incorrect diagnosis.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord. The excitatory process most often involves the pia mater, less often the dura mater.

Migraine is a paroxysmal pulsating headache that is localized in only one hemisphere. Most often, the disease occurs in women.

Myoclonus is a sudden chaotic contraction of individual muscles or the entire human body, both in an active state and at rest. Myoclonus is not considered a serious disease. Involuntary twitching of muscles is possible with fright or as a shudder during dozing.

Myotonia - refers to a group of neuromuscular diseases characterized by the presence of a myotonic phenomenon or «contracture», which consists in a sharp difficulty in relaxing the muscles after their strong contraction.

Muscle spasm (cramps) is a condition characterized by involuntary contractions of certain muscle groups or one muscle. This condition is accompanied by aching and sharp pain in the area of muscle spasm.

Narcolepsy is a pathological condition in which the central nervous system is affected, resulting in sleep disorders. This pathology is called Gelineau's disease or paroxysm of irresistible sleepiness. Most often, men suffer from narcolepsy. The prevalence of the disease per hundred thousand people is about 30 people.

Sleep disorder is a condition in which a person experiences subjective sensations and complaints about difficulties falling asleep, maintaining good sleep, and its insufficiency.

Neuralgia is a disease of the peripheral nerve, which is accompanied by severe pain of a paroxysmal nature in the area of its innervation.

Sciatic nerve neuralgia is a disease of the sciatic nerve, which is accompanied by severe pain in the area of its innervation.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic disease of the trigeminal nerve, which is accompanied by severe paroxysmal pain in the area of its innervation.

Neurasthenia is a pathology of the nervous system that occurs with exhaustion, prolonged excessive physical or mental stress.

Neuritis is an inflammatory disease that manifests itself as pain along the nerve, impaired sensitivity, and muscle weakness in the area affected by inflammation.

Facial nerve neuritis is an inflammatory pathology that affects the nerve of the facial muscles on one half of the face, which leads to the development of weakness, decreased activity of facial movements or their paralysis, facial asymmetry.

Trigeminal Nerve Neuritis is characterized by inflammation of the sensitivity of the nerve itself and the myelin sheath. The essence of this disease is a violation of the vegetative and animal areas.

Neuroses are a general name for a category of functional diseases that arise as a result of prolonged and serious stress and depression. They exhaust the human central nervous system, cause anxiety, and also lead to a number of vegetative pathologies of sweating, rapid heartbeat, and stomach problems.

A nervous tic is an uncontrolled repetitive contraction of one muscle or an entire group of muscles. Such nervousness can manifest itself in twitching, sudden movements, and even involuntary shouting of words.

Fainting is a manifestation of insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the brain.

Oligophrenia is a congenital or acquired in early childhood pathology, accompanied by a delay or complete cessation of mental and psychological development, as well as intellectual impairment. In addition to psychological and mental factors, oligophrenia leaves its mark on a person's emotions, speech and motor skills.

Osteochondrosis is a disease of the spinal motor segment, affecting primarily the intervertebral discs, and then the rest of the spine, the nervous system. Compression of the spinal cord and its roots provokes back pain, numbness of the limbs.

Spinal osteochondrosis is a degenerative-dystrophic lesion of the intervertebral discs, articular surfaces of the vertebrae, ligamentous apparatus and adjacent soft tissues.

Paralysis is a dysfunction of muscles, a complete or partial inability to contract. Paralysis is not an independent disease, but is a symptom or complication of an underlying disease or condition of the body.

Bell's Palsy is the most common form of neuritis or paralysis of the facial nerve. Rapid development is typical.

Parkinsonism is a syndrome that occurs in neurological patients and is characterized by quiet speech and decreased motor activity.

Perinatal encephalopathy is characterized by various types of lesions of the central nervous system (CNS), which occur during the fetus's stay in the womb, during childbirth or the period of neonatal development.

Polyneuropathy is a symmetrically spreading pathological process that occurs against the background of multiple lesions of the peripheral nerves.

Brain cancer is an intracranial malignant tumor that occurs as a result of uncontrolled cell division of brain tissue, lymphatic tissue, meninges, blood vessels, cranial nerves, or as a result of metastasis of a primary tumor localized in another organ.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of autoimmune etiology, which is characterized by damage to the conductors in the spinal cord and brain.

Gaye-Wernicke syndrome (Wernicke's disease, Wernicke's hemorrhagic superior polioencephalitis) is a condition characterized by damage to the midbrain and hypothalamus. It usually develops with chronic alcohol consumption.

Guillain's syndrome is an inflammatory process in the nerve roots of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the destruction of the sheath of the spinal nerves.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (tunnel syndrome) is one of the occupational diseases that appears as a result of injury (compression) of the carpal middle canal on the hand. This disease can be a consequence of long-term monotonous work on the computer.

Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalopathy) is a hereditary disease that is accompanied by neurometabolic syndrome, which affects the central nervous system. Most often, children under two or three years old are ill, but it also occurs in adults and adolescents.

Louis-Bar syndrome is an immunodeficiency hereditary disease that manifests itself as cerebellar ataxia.

Tourette syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by tics, involuntary movements, grimacing, and vocal cries of obscenities. The full name of this disease is Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, which was named after a boy suffering from this disorder.

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease that is accompanied by stable impotence, which does not go away even after a good rest. The formation of CFS directly depends on the neurosis of the central regulatory centers of the autonomic nervous system, established by the suppression of the function of the part responsible for inhibitory processes. Progressive effects on CFS are an unbalanced amount of emotional and intellectual information. Most often, CFS affects entrepreneurs, people who have high responsibility in the work sphere, residents of large cities.

Syringomyelia is a slowly developing disease of a chronic nature, which is manifested by the formation of voids in the structure of the spinal cord.

Vascular cyst is a disease, a special form of which is a choroid plexus cyst. The disease occurs due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (cerebral fluid) in the choroid plexus or other structures of the fetal brain.

Spinal muscle atrophy is one of the acute hereditary genetic diseases that occur with a violation of neuromuscular tissues. This disease affects the nervous system and affects its function.

Senile dementia (senile dementia) is a mental illness that occurs as a result of the organic consequences of aging in older people. Memory and intellect disorders are typical, but consciousness is not affected.

Stress is a protective response of the body or an individual system to an irritant. Leading scientists have proven that it is beneficial for every person to feel stress during the day. During this process, the hormone adrenaline is released, which promotes active heart function.

Cramps are sudden contractions of skeletal muscles, resulting in acute pain of varying duration and intensity. This is the most complex syndrome, which is very difficult to stop and cure.

Headache pills are a group of medications designed to relieve various types of headaches: migraine, tension pain, vascular headache.

Tremor is an involuntary shaking of the limbs or the whole body.

Motion sickness (seasickness) is a disease that affects almost 30% of the world's population. It occurs during trips and sailing on boats, motorboats and ships. The severity of the disease depends on the speed of movement, sharpness, tempo and oscillations of the swing.

Huntington's chorea is a disease characterized by a progressive and chronic course with an increase in choreic hyperkinesis and dementia.

Chronic cerebral ischemia is a process of progressive deterioration of the supply of brain tissue, which is expressed in headaches, decreased cognitive functions, dizziness, and disturbances of motor and coordination processes.

Cerebral atherosclerosis («senile sclerosis») is a disease that affects the arteries of the brain and is a type of dementia or vascular dementia.

Encephalitis is an inflammatory process of the brain under the influence of various factors, is one of the most dangerous human diseases. This disease can lead to death.

Epilepsy is one of the acute chronic diseases of the brain. It is characterized by frequent epileptic seizures.