Intraductal papilloma of the mammary gland - causes and signs of intraductal papilloma of the mammary gland
There are classifications of this disease.
By localization, the following types of the disease are distinguished:
- central - neoplasms are localized in the areola;
- peripheral - they are located at a considerable distance from the areola.
According to another classification, intraductal papillomas are intraductal
There are classifications of this disease.
By localization, the following types of the disease are distinguished:
- central - neoplasms are localized in the areola area;
- peripheral - they are located at a considerable distance from the areola.
According to another classification, intraductal papillomas are intraductal and intraductal papillomatosis (characterized by the formation of an insignificant group of cells inside the ducts of the gland).
This disease can be single (characterized by the formation of one seal, which is mainly localized near the nipple) and multiple (several sclerotic foci are formed, which are usually located at an insignificant distance from the papilla).
Causes
Experts believe that the main root cause of the disease is the presence in the body hormonal imbalance. Predisposing factors include ovarian dysfunction, oophoritis, adnexitis, abortion, obesity and various stresses.
The risk group includes women who have not given birth, smoke, breastfeed and use hormonal contraception.
The presence of fibrocystic (both diffuse and nodular) mastopathy and a family history of mammary gland lesions (malignant or benign) can contribute to the formation of pathology.
Symptoms
The clinical picture is characterized by abundant discharge from the nipple, which can be of a different nature (it can be whitish, transparent, brown, greenish or bloody), when pressing on the nodule, a slight pain is felt, squeezing the seal is accompanied by various discharge.
If left untreated, a secondary inflammatory process may develop in the nodule. As a result, it becomes denser, which is accompanied by the development of edema of nearby tissues.
Diagnostics
Most often, these papillomas are diagnosed by chance during preventive examinations. But if discharge from the nipple appears, as well as the presence of a painful neoplasm, you must make an appointment with a mammologist. A consultation with a mammologist-oncologist is recommended. The doctor will conduct an initial examination and palpation. If the location is peripheral, additional diagnostic tests must be performed. They include the following studies:
- cytological examination of a smear containing discharge;
- if necessary, an analysis for the cancer tumor marker CA-15–3 is prescribed;
- galactography (ductography) is the most informative diagnostic method;
- ultrasound scanning;
- mammography;
- magnetic resonance imaging.
Treatment
Only surgical intervention is indicated. Sectoral resection of the mammary gland is used for removal. During the operation, the surgeon removes tissues with damaged ducts. The doctor performs all surgical manipulations through a periareolar incision. The operation itself is performed endoscopically - special instruments are used. This allows you to avoid changing the shape of the breast (there is no need for mammoplasty).
In severe cases, radical mastectomy is indicated.
Prevention
As a preventive measure, experts recommend undergoing regular preventive medical examinations with a gynecologist and mammologist, and promptly correcting hormonal imbalance. If the first symptoms appear, you should immediately seek advice from a specialized doctor.
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