Parovarian cyst - causes and signs of parovarian cyst

There are the following types of paraovarian cysts:

• Paraovarian cyst on the right - this cyst forms on the right ovary. Most often they form in women of childbearing age, but there have been cases of this type of cyst being detected in teenage girls. It can form between the ovary and the uterus. A paraovarian cyst on the right can have a stalk.
• Paraovarian cyst on the left - most often develops on the left ovary, but can also be diagnosed on the right ovary. It can be quite large, but their ruptures are extremely rare. They can also have a stalk.

• Paraovarian serous cyst - is a mobile cyst. Most often, such a cyst has a stalk. It can be asymptomatic. The cyst inside is filled with serous fluid. The cyst shell is thin, but the cyst itself is quite elastic and mobile;
• A paraovarian cyst during pregnancy does not affect the course of pregnancy and is not inherited by the child. It is small in size. It can also have a stalk, which, when twisted, can cause severe pain, which can lead to urgent surgery. But most often, this type of cyst does not form a stalk.

By size, paraovarian cysts are:

• Small (up to 2.5 cm) - do not have a stalk.
• Large (more than 5 cm) - can form a stalk, which consists of the ligament of the ovary or fallopian tube. The presence of a stalk leads to various complications, as it can twist and hurt a lot.

Causes

Causes of development of a parovarian cyst:

• inflammation of the ovary or uterine appendages;
• various endocrine diseases (especially hyperthyroidism);
• early sexual development;
• quite frequent surgical terminations of pregnancy (abortions);
• sexually transmitted infections;
• hormonal contraception (uncontrolled);
• excessive tanning in a solarium or in the sun (insolation);
• hyperthermia (taking hot baths and warming up);
• pregnancy;
• disorders of development of the parovarian appendage during embryogenesis;
• disorders during maturation of follicles in the ovaries;
• taking certain medications;
• poor ecology;
• frequent stress;
• occurs after 20 years in sexually mature women (during the childbearing period).

Symptoms

Symptoms of a paraovarian cyst depend on its size and type.

Small paraovarian cysts develop without obvious symptoms. Symptoms of large paraovarian cysts:

• bursting, pulling and aching pain in the side, lower abdomen or in the sacral region;
• pain in the right (if the cyst develops on the right) or left (if the cyst develops on the left) side;
• the cyst can be felt during examination;
• pain is not associated with ovulation or menstruation;
• pain increases with physical exertion;
• spontaneous relief of pain;
• dysuric disorders due to compression of the intestines and bladder;
• frequent bowel movements or constipation;
• dyspanuria;
• pain when urination;
• symptoms of acute abdomen (in case of complications);
• increased abdominal size;
• menstrual irregularities (sometimes);
• decrease or increase in blood volume during menstruation;
• discharge during menstruation;
• infertility (rare).

Paraovarian cysts during pregnancy can cause various complications. In this case, urgent surgical intervention is required (in case of twisting of the cyst stalk, which leads to severe pain).

Paraovarian cysts must be removed before pregnancy to avoid possible complications and its rupture. After surgical removal of the cyst, it is necessary to undergo restorative therapy. It is necessary to plan pregnancy some time after restorative therapy.

Diagnostics

When primary symptoms appear that may indicate the presence of this disease, as well as when planning a pregnancy, it is necessary to make an appointment with a gynecologist. The doctor will conduct an initial examination and consultation. A parovarian cyst can be diagnosed during an initial examination by touch. Usually, symptoms of the disease appear when the cyst reaches a sufficiently large size. To establish an accurate diagnosis, the following is prescribed:

• transvaginal ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs;
• laparoscopy;
• echoscopy.

Treatment

An asymptomatic course of the disease requires only dynamic observation by a doctor. Small cysts can resolve on their own. Treatment of paraovarian cysts (especially if they are suppurating) involves observation by a surgeon followed by removal of the cyst (enucleation) during surgical laparoscopy or laparotomy. Sometimes a targeted puncture of the cyst is performed with aspiration of its contents and introduction of alcohol into its cavity, which leads to obliteration of its cavity.

After surgical removal of a paraovarian cyst, there is no case of relapse, since this tumor formation develops from embryonic remnants.

Prevention

Prevention of this disease includes:

• preventive examinations by a gynecologist;
• observance of hygiene rules;
• protected sex.