Menstrual Cycle Irregularities - Causes and Signs of Menstrual Cycle Irregularities
There are the following forms of menstrual cycle disorders:
- Amenorrhea – menstruation is absent for three months or more.
- Cyclic changes in menstrual function:
- hypermenorrhea – with normal duration of menstruation, which occurs on time, the amount of blood released increases;
There are the following forms of menstrual cycle disorders:
- Amenorrhea – menstruation is absent for three months or more.
- Cyclic changes in menstrual function:
- Hypermenorrhea – with normal duration of menstruation, occurring on time, the amount of blood released increases;
- Menorrhagia – the amount of blood released and the duration of menstruation increases (up to 12 days);
- Hypomenorrhea – scanty menstruation occurring on time;
- Polymenorrhea – the duration of menstruation is more than 7 days with a moderate amount of blood;
- Oligomenorrhea – regularly occurring short menstruation (1-2 days) with a moderate amount of blood released blood;
- opsomenorrhea – rare menstrual bleeding (every 36 days – 3 months), lasting 3-5 days and a moderate amount of blood;
- proiomenorrhea – the duration of the menstrual cycle is shortened (less than 21 days).
- anovulatory – occur in the middle of the menstrual cycle in the absence of ovulation;
- dysfunctional (acyclic) – occur regardless of ovulation.
Causes
Most often, the following diseases contribute to menstrual cycle disorders:
- ovarian pathology, including conditions after operations on them;
- endocrine disorders;
- chronic inflammatory processes of the uterus;
- endometrial polyp;
- curettage of the uterine cavity and abortions;
- endometriosis;
- oncological pathology;
- blood clotting disorder;
- dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
In addition to the above, menstrual cycle disorders can occur as a result of taking certain medications (tranquilizers, anticoagulants, antidepressants, corticosteroids and others. hormonal agents, digitalis preparations), use of an intrauterine device.
Symptoms
Menstrual irregularities can manifest themselves in various symptoms. The most common of them are:
- irregular menstrual bleeding;
- complete absence of menstruation for more than six months (amenorrhea);
- delayed menstruation - possible for several days, and sometimes months;
- heavy bleeding with clots;
- scanty spotting menstruation less than three days (oligomenorrhea);
- painful pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen before and during menstruation (algomenorrhea);
- premenstrual syndrome - noticeable changes in well-being and mood before menstrual bleeding.
Diagnostics
It is always difficult to determine why exactly menstrual irregularities occurred. Very often, after conducting an examination, the gynecologist prescribes additional research methods - magnetic resonance imaging of the brain.
Female sex hormones in the blood are necessarily determined, as well as hormones of the endocrine glands, the pathology of which can be suspected. In the presence of an inflammatory process or infection, a specific type of pathogen is determined. If there is a suspicion of damage to the genitals, an ovarian biopsy is indicated. In rare cases, genetic counseling is prescribed.
Treatment
Treatment of menstrual irregularities is necessarily complex - it combines the intake of hormonal agents, painkillers and vitamin preparations. In some cases, the doctor prescribes modern homeopathy, physiotherapy and balneological procedures. Physiotherapy is contraindicated in case of decompensation of severe somatic diseases, severe hypertension, tumors.
In case of uncontrolled heavy bleeding, surgical curettage of the uterine mucosa is performed.
Prevention
Prevention of menstrual cycle disorders consists of the following:
- in order to independently prevent early menstrual dysfunction, a woman should keep a menstrual calendar;
- regularly visit a gynecologist (at least twice a year);
- timely identify and treat gynecological pathology and diseases of the endocrine glands, chronic diseases of internal organs;
- follow a balanced diet (with a moderate content of fats and carbohydrates and sufficient protein content);
- regularly exercise, lead an active lifestyle life;
- eliminate excessive psycho-emotional and physical stress.
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