Hepatitis B Vaccination. Prices, Reviews, Ratings
Hepatitis B Vaccination
Hepatitis B is a complex and difficult to bear disease, however, immediately after no one has died from it yet. Any outcome is the first step to death. Up to 15% of cases end in liver cancer. Children are vaccinated in the first hours after birth. There are several reasons why this is so necessary:
- The earlier a person gets sick with this disease, the faster the disease will become chronic. In response to the introduced virus, the child's body begins to produce antibodies, acquiring a protective barrier from the first days of life.
- This virus adapts too quickly to any living conditions. Moreover, for several minutes it can even withstand temperatures above the boiling point of water and below 20 degrees Celsius. Even with repeated cooling, it does not lose its viability.
- If the pathology occurs together with hepatitis D, then this threatens cirrhosis of the liver.
Vaccination against hepatitis B for adults
If a person has had a mild form of hepatitis, there is a certain amount of antibodies in his blood. They can remain there after months and years, then this process is considered chronic. The fact is that the disease does not manifest itself immediately, and the virus can circulate in the body along with the blood for a long time both before and after treatment. In this case, the person is considered a carrier of the infection.
The following categories of people are at risk:
- those who frequently receive blood transfusions;
- those who have at least one family member who has had hepatitis B;
- those who have had direct contact with the patient;
- healthcare workers who deal with biomaterials;
- those who were not vaccinated in childhood;
- newborns;
- all children whose parents previously refused to vaccinate them;
- citizens traveling to countries where there is a high probability of contracting the disease.
No one has established how many vaccinations can be done during life. There is a minimum scheme, the rest depends on the circumstances. The number of vaccinations in life depends on:
- region of residence;
- place of work;
- health of household members and close friends;
- frequency of travel abroad.
Hepatitis B vaccination: schedule
There are several vaccination schedules against hepatitis B:
- Classical. In this case, the child is vaccinated in the first 12 hours after birth. After this, revaccination is necessary at 1 month of life, six months and a year. This block provides protection until the age of 18. Further vaccination is carried out depending on the indications. Upon graduation from educational and medical institutions, all students must be vaccinated against hepatitis B.
- Children on hemodialysis are subject to a slightly different vaccination schedule. The vaccination is given four times between dialysis sessions with an interval of at least one month. Revaccination is carried out 2 months after the last vaccination.
- Children born to a hepatitis B carrier are given the first vaccination immediately after birth, the second at 1 month, the third at 2 months, and the last at one year.
- Children who, for some reason, were not vaccinated in the maternity hospital are vaccinated upon reaching the age of 13 and older (one month after the first vaccination and then six months later).
- For those traveling abroad - on the first day of treatment, a week later, and the last one after 3 weeks.
- As a rule, after a person reaches 18 years of age, revaccination should be carried out every 5 years.
Vaccination against viral hepatitis B
As part of the vaccination against viral hepatitis B contains:
- Protein structures of the virus shell itself. Depending on whether it is a children's or an adult vaccine, the antigen concentration may be from 10 to 20 mcg.
- Aluminum hydroxide or another name for the substance - adjuvant.
- A small amount of yeast proteins and preservatives.
The hepatitis B vaccine is given to children and adults intramuscularly. For babies in the thigh, for an adult under the shoulder blade. Before vaccination, it is usually necessary to undergo a blood and urine test to detect various types of diseases. This is necessary for the doctor to allow the vaccination, a sick person is prohibited from doing so.
After vaccination, it is advisable not to visit places with large crowds of people, do not take children to kindergarten or school.
Hepatitis B vaccination: contraindications
A ban on vaccination is likely in a number of cases:
- During an exacerbation of chronic diseases.
- At the birth of a premature baby.
- During and at first after chemotherapy.
- States of immunodeficiency, oncology, pregnancy, malignant blood diseases.
- Severe allergic reactions to the components of the drug.
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