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Diagnostics of diabetes
Very often, a person finds out that he has diabetes completely by accident. Simply by taking a general blood or urine test, it turns out that the glucose level in the body is elevated. To confirm the preliminary diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a number of tests:
- For glucose. This is the simplest, but not very accurate test. The norm for blood glucose is from 3.3 to 5.5 mmol / l. If its level is elevated, you should undergo further diagnostics and consultation with an endocrinologist.
- Diagnostics of urine for sugar. A healthy person does not have this indicator in the urine at all, but it happens to a sick person. If glucose is detected in the morning portion of urine, a daily analysis should be done.
- Daily testing is considered more accurate because it allows not only to accurately diagnose, but also to determine the complexity of the disease.
- Sugar tolerance test. This is one of the most accurate diagnostic methods. The patient must give a portion of blood on an empty stomach, then drink 100 ml of a sweet solution. After this, every half hour, the lab technician will take blood samples and then observe what changes occur with the biomaterial over this period of time.
- Testing for glycated hemoglobin, the level of which becomes higher depending on the increase in sugar levels in the body.
At the first stage of diagnostics, all tests are taken on an empty stomach. That is, the time between the last meal and blood donation should be at least 8 hours. According to doctors, during this period the blood glucose level should stabilize.
The indicators are deciphered as follows:
- normal - 100 mg / dl;
- latent diabetes - from 100 to 125 mg / dl;
- diabetes - over 126 mg / dl.
After this, another test is carried out, before which they drink a glass of water with glucose and after 2 hours they carry out a glucose tolerance test.
The indicators should be as follows:
- normal - an indicator less than 140 mg / dl;
- diabetes - from 140 mg / dl and above.
Diabetes tests
To be completely sure of the diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct another diagnosis - glycated hemoglobin. This test determines the amount of glucose contained in the body in the last 2-3 months. To do this, blood is simply donated in the morning on an empty stomach. In this case, the indicators should be as follows:
- normal - 5.7%;
- latent diabetes - 5.8% - 6.4%.
And last of all, they test for the presence of antibodies. An increased value of this indicator indicates that beta cells in the blood are affected, which participate in the process of insulin synthesis in the body. That is, a violation of glucose absorption will occur in the coming years. If the indicator fluctuates at the level of 1.0 per ml, then it is necessary to start treating latent diabetes.
Diagnostics of type 1 diabetes
As a rule, with this disease, blood and urine are taken for tests. If you are predisposed to the disease, it is advisable to see a doctor as often as possible. For this, a number of studies are carried out:
- Glucometer. This is a device that can be used at home. It is intended for everyone who wants to monitor their health. Every diabetic should have this device at home without fail.
- Glucose tolerance test. The results of this study are influenced by a variety of factors, so you must strictly follow the doctor's recommendations.
- C-peptides. Testing for the presence of protein, its presence is an indicator of insulin production.
- Blood and urine tests. General indicators determine the amount of certain bodies, enzymes and components in the blood.
- Serum ferritin. Excess iron in the blood indicates that the body is not sensitive to insulin.
When diagnosing type 2 diabetes, the same testing methods and glucose tolerance analysis are performed.
If a person notices a number of characteristic symptoms in the form of frequent urination, constant thirst, sudden weight loss, then you should immediately consult a doctor and get tested for diabetes.
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