Hyperhydration - causes and signs of hyperhydration

There is a classification of the disease. Hyperhydration can be:

• extracellular;
• cellular;
• general;
• hyperosmotic or hyperosmolar;
• hypoosmotic or hypoosmolar;
• normosmotic or isotonic.

Causes

The presence of pathology can be caused by external factors, as well as a number of diseases or dysfunction of the system. If a person's metabolism is normal, drinking water (H2O) in large quantities will not lead to illness, since the kidneys remove the excess.

Oversaturation occurs when certain pathological conditions of the body occur, as well as as a result of exposure to external adverse factors.

The reasons include:

• water intoxication, characterized by a low salt content or its complete absence;
• congestive heart failure;
• liver cirrhosis;
• decreased excretory function of the kidneys;
• problems with blood circulation, accompanied by the formation of edema;
• increased levels of antidiuretic hormone.

A risk group predisposed to the development of hyperhydration includes people who adhere to a strict diet, as well as those who engage in increased physical activity.

Symptoms

During the disease, the volume of intravascular extracellular fluid increases (hypervolemia occurs), resulting in an increase in body weight, edema syndrome, drowsiness and decreased diuresis. The concentration of sodium in the blood plasma decreases to 135 mmol / l, as a result, the interstitial fluid increases, which causes edema syndrome.

At the intracellular level, cerebral edema (coma, seizures), lung, acute renal and acute heart failure are observed. As already noted, this disease can be hyperosmolar, hypoosmolar and normoosmolar. The first is characterized by thirst, increased body temperature, reddening of the skin, increased blood pressure and mental pathologies.

The second is characterized by nausea, vomiting, frequent stools, aversion to drinks, weakness, fatigue, insomnia. The main signs of normo-osmolar hyperhydration are arterial hypertension, severe edema syndrome.

Diagnostics

The purpose of diagnostics is to establish the facts of an increase in blood volume. If the amount of blood increases, there is an excess of sodium. For the examination, ultrasound of the kidneys, intravenous urography and cystography are performed.

Treatment

The main risk group consists of patients who have renal and heart failure, other lesions of the internal organs, as well as people who are subject to increased sports loads. Mild hyperhydration does not require additional correction. If the functioning of all systems is normal, then the body is able to cope with excess fluid on its own. If a disease is detected, the symptoms of which are based on headache, irritability, confusion, dizziness, patients are advised to limit beverage consumption. If cases of the disease are severe, drug treatment is used (with the help of diuretics). This therapy is aimed at restoring the water and electrolyte balance of a person. In rare cases, the endocrinologist prescribes symptomatic therapy.

In complicated forms, patients are prescribed hemodialysis. In order to avoid the development of the disease with high physical activity, as well as diets, it is not recommended to completely exclude salt from the diet.

Prevention

Prevention of the disease consists of certain measures. So, it is necessary:

• control yourself, especially with strong thirst and other manifestations of the disease;
• maintain a balanced diet;
• monitor your appearance, weight,
• do not overload yourself with physically strenuous exercises.