Hematuria - Causes and Signs of Hematuria

There are classifications of this disease in medicine. According to the degree of development and origin, the following types of hematuria are distinguished:

• Initial (starting) - blood fluid is observed only in the first portion of urine; often detected in the case of a pathological focus in the back of the urethra.
• Terminal (final) - plasma is detected only in the last portion of urine, which is typical for pathologies of the gland and neck of the ureters.
• Total - the entire volume of urine received is colored red. It is detected in case of damage to the kidneys, sometimes - ureters.

According to the source of blood loss, the following types of the disease are distinguished: glomerular - blood penetrates the urine while still in the renal glomeruli; non-glomerular - blood cells appear in the urine at subsequent stages of excretion.

There are two types according to the amount excreted: macrohematuria - the substance of the excretory system has a red tint; microhematuria - retains its normal appearance, the impurity can only be detected by laboratory testing.

Causes

Deviation can occur due to a number of pathologies or exposure to certain factors. Among them:

• infectious and inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system;
• consequence of urolithiasis;
• bladder injury;
• prostate tumor;
• coagulation defects (mainly in hemophilia);
• tuberculosis;
• endometriosis;
• varicose veins;
• renal vein thrombosis.

Microhematuria can also appear as a result of prolonged physical exertion (for example, after a marathon or a long walk).

Symptoms

Hematuria is manifested by the following signs: the appearance of blood fluid in the urine or an unusual change in the color of urine to brown, pain when urinating, frequent urge to urinate, an increase in body temperature to subfebrile or high values, pain in the lumbar region, lower abdomen.

It should be noted that the stool can acquire a dark shade when eating beets, rhubarb and some other products.

Diagnostics

When diagnosing Gender and age are also taken into account. The disease, which first appeared in the elderly, is often characterized by a non-glomerular origin. It is important to exclude defects of the urinary tract, including tumors, as well as tuberculosis of the corresponding organ.

The following methods are used to make a diagnosis:

• general analysis - allows you to determine the presence of protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, cylinders, hemoglobin and other indicators in the secreted fluid;
• Nechiporenko analysis - based on the count of red blood cells and other components;
• general blood test;
• ultrasound - determines the renal condition and characteristics of the ureters to diagnose urolithiasis or inflammation;
• ultrasound of the prostate gland;
• magnetic resonance imaging to determine abnormalities in the abdominal cavity;
• cystoscopy is an endoscopic examination to determine the type of the inner surface of the bladder.

Treatment

The deficiency can only be eliminated by treating the underlying ailment. Most often, nephrologists use the following methods: taking antibacterial drugs - in the presence of a bacterial infection, physiotherapy with antibiotics, surgery - for polycystic disease, for malignant tumors; taking hemostatic drugs and those that increase coagulability.

In the case of a macro-form of the defect, the patient should consult a doctor and undergo a full examination to identify the real cause. If the disease manifests itself suddenly and is characterized by significant blood loss, then the person will need to be administered hemostatic medications.

At the same time, an examination is carried out for infections and inflammatory processes.

Prevention

In order to prevent malaise, it is necessary to avoid hypothermia, especially in the kidney and bladder area, follow an optimal diet to prevent the formation of stones, drink enough drinking water to prevent urolithiasis, and avoid excessive physical activity and injuries to the abdominal organs.