What are the types of speech disorders?

Dysarthria is slurred speech, unclear pronunciation of words, which occurs as a result of a violation of the innervation of the speech apparatus. With dysarthria, sounds and words produced by the tongue, throat, teeth and cheeks suffer, for the coordination of the movements of which the brain is responsible.

Dysgraphia is a certain writing disorder with normal development of intelligence. The disease is accompanied by a violation of the phonetic principle, which leads to specific errors that distort the sound composition of the word.

Dyslalia is a violation of sound reproduction in patients with normal hearing and intact innervation of the articulatory apparatus. The disease is characterized by the absence of sounds, substitution, confusion, distortion in pronunciation.

Dyslexia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize words, decode, and master spelling skills, while general learning abilities are not impaired. Dyslexia manifests itself at the initial stage of school or preschool age. Children with this diagnosis lag behind their peers in reading and writing, but they do not exhibit mental disabilities.

Speech delay is a delay in speech development from the norm. Most children diagnosed with speech delay have problems with the subcortical structures of the brain.

Stuttering is one of the most complex speech disorders, which is characterized by a disorder of its normal rhythm, repetitions of individual syllables or sounds, and involuntary stops.

Stuttering in children is a condition in which speech characteristics are impaired: rhythm, tempo, fluency of speech.

Lisp or dyslalia is a pathology of sound pronunciation with normal hearing and intact innervation of the articulatory apparatus.

Voice disorders are a group of diseases characterized by a complete or partial absence of phonation.

General speech underdevelopment (GSU) is a benign tumor formation. It has a round shape, consists of lobules inside, and is covered with a capsule on the outside.

Rhinolalia (palatolalia, nasality) is a condition characterized by a defect in the pronunciation of sounds.

Tachylalia is a form of one of the disorders of oral speech, which consists of a fast (pathological) pace, without accompanying phonetic, grammatical and lexical failures.

Phonetic-phonemic underdevelopment (PBU) is a speech disorder that is associated with the development of other speech disorders in a child associated with defects in pronunciation and perception. It is most often diagnosed in preschool children (from five to seven years old).

Lisp is a speech disorder characterized by incorrect pronunciation of hissing sounds and whistling sounds while maintaining the grammatical structure, vocabulary, and understanding of speech.