Nocturia - Causes and Signs of Nocturia

Nycturia is observed in the following diseases:

• heart failure - the cause of the disease is venous congestion, as well as daytime fluid retention in the tissues. This type of nocturia is a precursor to heart failure;
• kidney disease (nephrosclerosis, chronic glomerulonephritis) - develops as a result of dilation of the renal vessels, which leads to increased blood flow to the kidneys at night. May indicate various renal vascular lesions;
• thyroid disease;

• liver cirrhosis - nocturia develops as a result of arterial hypertension in this disease;
• diabetes insipidus - occurs as a result of hypertensive dehydration, in cases of inability to drink water and in the deficiency of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone);
• prostate adenoma - develops as a result of obstructed urine outflow, as a result of which it returns to the bladder. This condition develops as a result of an enlarged prostate gland;
• pernicious anemia - manifests itself as a result of anemia and decreased blood pressure.

Types of nocturia:

• true - characterized by daytime oliguria (cessation of urination);
• intermittent - this includes nocturia that develops with thyroid disease, diabetes insipidus, liver cirrhosis, prostate adenoma and pernicious anemia. It is not characterized by a decrease in daytime diuresis.

Nicturia can be:

• temporary – develops with various diseases;
• permanent – develops with damage to internal organs and glands.

The absence of nocturia during decompensation of cardiovascular insufficiency indicates the inability of the body to excrete fluid, which is retained in it even at night.

Causes

Causes that cause nocturia:

• kidney disease (chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, nephrosclerosis, cystopyelitis, glomerulonephritis, etc.);
• diabetes mellitus;
• adenoma prostate;
• cardiac and renal failure;
• pelvic floor muscle atrophy (mainly develops in women);
• hypercalcemia (rarely leads to this disease);
• venous stasis edema;
• calcium channel blockade in orthostatic ankle edema;
• taking diuretics at night;
• obstructive apnea (dilation of the heart as a result of negative pressure in the chest and, as a result, the production of atrial natriuretic peptide);
• drinking large amounts of fluid at night;
• age (older men are more susceptible);
• therapy with various drugs;
• overactive bladder bladder;
• drinking alcohol, tea or coffee in the evening.

Symptoms

Symptoms of nocturia:

• nocturnal diuresis prevails over daytime;
• excessive urine production at night;
• small capacity of the bladder at night;
• insomnia due to frequent need to visit the toilet at night;
• restless sleep;
• daytime fatigue;
• forgetfulness;
• mental disorders;
• depression;
• irritability.

Nicturia is a symptom of a fairly large number of diseases in humans.

Diagnostics

If signs of nocturia appear, you must immediately make an appointment with a urologist. You can make an appointment with a doctor online or by phone. You can also make an appointment with a private doctor to get a more accurate diagnosis. The specialist will conduct a consultation, compile an anamnesis, and also conduct an initial examination of the patient. To confirm the diagnosis of nocturia, the following diagnostic tests are prescribed:

• general urine analysis;
• urine culture;
• Zimnitsky test (determines the specific gravity and volume of urine);
• determines the level of vasopressin;
• urination diary (for women, 4 days, for men - 3 days);
• ultrasound of the kidneys and ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• assessment of the quality of life using the ICIQ - N questionnaire.

Treatment

Treatment of nocturia is aimed at eliminating the causes that led to the violation of the act of urination. First of all, it is necessary to cure the diseases whose symptoms are nocturia. The treatment method depends on the disease that caused nocturia. Prescribed:

• drug therapy (α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, 5α-reductase inhibitors - prescribed for prostate adenoma, darifenacin, solifenacin, sedatives);
• prohibition of drinking large amounts of water in the evening;
• diet.

Nicturia can lead to serious consequences for human health. Without treatment, it can end in death. Therefore, if symptoms of nocturia appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Prevention

Prevention of nocturia:

• moderate drinking in the evening;
• timely treatment of diseases that can lead to its development;
• preventive examination by a urologist;
• limiting the consumption of coffee and alcohol in the evening;
• adequate physical activity.