Avtor   Contacts
Medical dictionary » Disease Handbook » Anaphylactic shock - causes and signs of anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic shock - causes and signs of anaphylactic shock

2
0

There are several types of this disease. Among them:

  • hemodynamic - the patient complains of cardiovascular problems;
  • asphyxic - there is swelling of the larynx, bronchospasm;
  • cerebral - expressed by symptoms such as headache, agitation, vomiting, nausea, convulsions;
  • abdominal

There are several types of this disease. Among them:

  • hemodynamic - the patient complains of cardiovascular problems;
  • asphyxic - there is swelling of the larynx, bronchospasm;
  • cerebral - expressed by symptoms such as headache, agitation, vomiting, nausea, convulsions;
  • abdominal - there is an upset stomach and severe abdominal pain.

Causes

Most often, anaphylactic shock occurs in those people who suffer from allergies. In some cases, a predisposition to allergic reactions can be inherited.

The most common medications that can provoke a hyperreaction:

  • antibiotics (ampicillin, bicillin, penicillin, streptomycin);
  • anesthetics (novocaine, lidocaine);
  • vitamins (cocarboxylase, cyanocobalamin, thiamine);
  • radiopaque iodine-containing substances;
  • sulfonamides.
Anaphylactic shock can develop when administering medications, vaccines, or after insect bites. Very rarely, a food allergy can be the cause of this pathology.

Symptoms

A mild form of the disease lasts from several minutes to two hours and is manifested by reddening of the skin, dizziness, mucous discharge from the nose, sneezing and severe itching. There is tachycardia and decreased blood pressure, a feeling of heat throughout the body. A moderate form is characterized by sudden weakness and dizziness, pain in the heart with arrhythmia, sharp heartbeats, decreased blood pressure, visual impairment, lethargy or agitation, fear of death, noise in the head and ears, coldness of the body, clammy sweat, bronchospasm and shortness of breath. A severe form is characterized by vascular collapse with pronounced pallor of the skin or its cyanosis, a sharp decrease in pressure, threadlike pulse, loss of consciousness, lack of response to external stimuli, dilated pupils. Involuntary discharge of feces and urine, gradually after some time the pressure is not registered, and the pulse disappears. Cardiac and respiratory arrest occurs, clinical death occurs.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis, as a rule, does not cause difficulties and is based on clinical manifestations and allergy history data. If necessary, the allergist prescribes a blood test (clinical and biochemical), immuno-laboratory tests, skin tests.

Treatment

First aid includes calling an ambulance, in the absence of heartbeat and breathing - indirect cardiac massage and artificial ventilation. If the person is conscious, they should be laid on their side, all belts and clothing fasteners should be unfastened, a bolster or pillow should be placed under their feet so that they can be elevated, and the allergen intake should be stopped.

Therapy at the hospital level is carried out using the following methods:

  • the bite or injection site is injected with adrenaline subcutaneously or intramuscularly (adults - 0.5 ml of a 0.1% solution, children over 6 years old - 0.3 ml of a 0.1% solution), covered with ice;
  • cordiamine and caffeine solutions are administered subcutaneously;
  • glucocorticosteroids (hydrocortisone or prednisolone) are used.

As the patient stays in the hospital, adrenaline and glucocorticosteroid injections are repeated, if drug allergy, drug antagonists are indicated. In addition, antihistamines, calcium gluconate or chloride are indicated. In case of laryngeal edema, intubation or tracheotomy is necessary; in case of bronchospasm, euphyllin is administered. Further treatment is carried out taking into account cardiac, respiratory and metabolic disorders.

Prevention

Preventive measures consist of a thorough collection of anamnesis. Before administering a particular drug, it is necessary to find out information about possible risk factors when using it or using drugs of a related group. Patients who have a history of allergic reactions must be prescribed antihistamines before administering a new medication.

18 Jan 2024, 03:43
Disease Handbook

Схожі новини:

Коментарі
Мінімальна довжина коментаря 50 знаків.