Condylomas - causes and signs of condylomas

By their appearance, they are classified as:

• wide condylomas are benign neoplasms on a wide stalk and with a mushroom-shaped cap;
• pointed condylomas have a thin stalk and a segmented cap, outwardly resembling a cauliflower in their structure.

The following types of condylomas are distinguished:

• microcondylomas are small rounded nodules that later develop into pointed condylomas. They appear at the first stage of the disease;
• hyperplastic condylomatosis is the classic form of the disease. It is a pointed neoplasm covering significant areas of the skin or mucous membranes;
• perianal condylomas - appear as single or multiple epithelial growths;
• papular condylomatosis - is localized in the groin area. Combined with hyperplastic condylomatosis;
• warty nodular condylomas - are located mainly on the skin of the genital and perianal areas;
• warty macular condylomas - are characterized by the appearance of single multiple spots of light gray or various shades of red. They are located mainly on the mucous membranes of the genital area;
• intraepithelial neoplasia - caused by oncogenic subtypes of the papillomavirus. Affects the entire area of the mucous membrane;

Causes

The vast majority of people are carriers of the papillomavirus, the causative agent of condyloma. The virus can be latent for a long time and its manifestation is caused by a number of reasons:

• disturbances of the skin and mucous membranes;
• failure to observe personal hygiene rules;
• unprotected sexual intercourse;
• promiscuous sex, frequent change of partners;
• as a complication of other diseases;
• weakened immunity.

Symptoms

As a rule, condylomas begin to develop several months after infection. They manifest themselves as follows:

• single or multiple lesions of the anogenital area of small size, characteristic structure and color;
• condylomas are localized in men on the body and head of the penis, frenulum, coronal groove, inner layer of the foreskin, scrotum, inguinal and anal areas, urethra. In women - the clitoris, labia minora and labia majora, walls and vestibule of the vagina, hymen, cervix, external opening of the urethra, perianal area;
• difficulty urinating;
• in men - blood in the semen;
• in women - vaginal discharge and bleeding;
• discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse;
• with anal condidiasis - itching, bloody discharge, burning.

Diagnostics

At the first signs or suspicions of the appearance of condylomas, you must make an appointment with a doctor. A doctor's consultation and initial examination for men is carried out by a urologist, and for women by a gynecologist. If a condyloma of the perianal area is detected, you should visit a proctologist.

Diagnosis of the disease includes:

• primary examination of the external genitalia, anogenital tract and perineum;
• urethroscopy;
• colposcopy (for women);
• cytological examination (for women);
• histological examination (for women);
• general blood test;
• immunogram;
• RW blood test (Wasserman reaction, rapid diagnostics of syphilis);
• anoscopy (in the presence of anal condylomas);
• DNA analysis of the papillomavirus type (polymerase chain reaction) reaction).

Treatment

Today, the only effective method of treating condylomas is local mechanical removal of the affected areas of tissue (the so-called destructive therapy). Based on this, several methods are used:

• laser therapy - removal of damage with a high-precision laser beam;
• cryatherapy - freezing of condylomas by applying small amounts of liquid nitrogen to the affected areas;
• high-frequency radiation (dethermocoagulation). To remove condylomas, high temperature radio wave radiation or an electric knife are used - this and previous methods of removal are carried out by a surgeon;
• drug therapy - treatment is carried out with drugs that contain concentrated acids (nitric, lactic, trichloroacetic acid, etc.). These drugs are applied to the surface of the condylomas, which leads to the death of their cells.

It should be remembered that condylomas are a fairly serious disease, in some cases capable of leading to the development of oncology. Therefore, it is very important to undergo the necessary treatment in a timely manner.

Prevention

Prevention of condylomas includes the following rules:

• timely visit to a venereologist and other relevant specialists;
• practice protected sexual intercourse, especially with new partners;
• completely eliminate or refuse excessive tobacco use (in people who abuse smoking, condylomas are more difficult to treat and the risk of recurrence of the disease is increased);
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• since this disease has a high percentage of probability of relapse, then after completing the main course of treatment, you should undergo a complex of immunostimulating therapy.