Bence Jones Protein Urine Test. Prices, Reviews, Ratings
Bence Jones Protein – a low-molecular-weight enzyme detected in urine when various cancerous tumors form in the body.
Bence Jones Protein – a low-molecular-weight enzyme detected in urine when various cancerous tumors form in the body.
The enzyme consists of immunoglobulin K and X chains. When overproduced by plasma cells, it circulates in the blood and, due to its low molecular weight, is excreted in urine. This process, called proteinuria, is a pathological condition of the B-immune system. Two types are distinguished:
- Extrarenal (false) – linked to infections or cancers/metastases without kidney dysfunction.
- Prerenal – involves tubule and filter damage in the urinary system, reducing or eliminating protein reabsorption capacity.
The test aims to diagnose urinary system organ dysfunction at an early stage.
Untreated, it can lead to kidney failure and potentially death.
Indications for Testing
A general practitioner may order this test, though it’s typically referred by a nephrologist, hematologist, or oncologist to diagnose:
- Multiple myeloma – a blood system disease with tumors in bone marrow;
- Plasmacytoma – a neoplastic plasma cell disease with bone destruction and infections;
- Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia – a malignant monoclonal gammopathy;
- Primary amyloidosis – protein metabolism disorder with amyloid deposits;
- Idiopathic monoclonal gammopathy – abnormal immunoglobulin secretion affecting organs, often kidneys;
- Osteosarcoma – a malignant, early-metastasizing bone tumor;
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia – a clonal cancer affecting lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen, and liver;
- Lymphatic leukemia – acute or chronic blood cancer;
- Endotheliosis – severe vascular pathologies;
- Lymphogranulomatosis – lymphoid tissue disease.
It’s also indicated for suspected amyloid kidney damage, Fanconi syndrome, or dystrophy.
How the Bence Jones Protein Urine Test Is Performed
For reliable results, prepare for collection by reducing meat and liver intake a week prior and avoiding urine-coloring foods (blackberries, beets, carrots), medications, alcohol, and carbonated drinks 24 hours before.
Collect urine in a lidded, sterile pharmacy container or a clean, dry 100-200 mL glass jar. Use the midstream morning portion after washing genitals without soap and drying with a clean towel. Collect at least 50 mL.
Result accuracy is affected by menstrual blood, fecal contamination, toilet paper particles, poor hygiene, or delayed delivery. Submit the sample within 1.5-2 hours of collection.
Processing Time for Bence Jones Protein Urine Test
Results are available the second day after submission. Some centers offer urgent testing; see a list of such facilities on the information website.
Prices and Clinics
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