Oncology

Oncology is a branch of medicine that studies the etiology, pathogenesis, mechanism of occurrence and further development of benign and malignant neoplasms. Oncology also deals with preventive and diagnostic measures, treatment of oncological pathologies.

A specialist who represents this field of medicine is an oncologist.

Symptoms that require you to see an oncologist:

• sharp unjustified weight loss;
• high temperature, fever;
• general weakness, fatigue;
• pain;
• changes in the epidermis;
• dysfunction of the genitourinary system, problems with urination, stool disorders, blood in the urine or feces;
• long-term non-healing ulcers and wounds;
• discharge of pus along with other biological liquids;
• palpable seals in soft tissues, glands, in the subcutaneous layer, on the mucous membranes;
• gastrointestinal problems, pain when swallowing;
• uncontrolled appearance of moles, papillomas, warts on the skin and mucous membranes;
• chronic coughing, hoarseness of voice, change in timbre;
• bad breath.

Diseases that oncology studies:

• oncoandrology - tumors of the male reproductive system;
• oncogastroenterology - tumors of the gastrointestinal tract;
• oncohematology - tumor diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphatic tissues;
• oncohepatology – tumors of the hepatobiliary zone: liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas;
• oncogynecology – tumors of the female reproductive system;
• oncodermatology – tumors of the skin and visible mucous membranes;
• onconephrology – tumors of the kidneys;
• oncomammology – tumors of the mammary glands;
• oncoendocrinology – tumors of the endocrine glands;
• oncopulmonology – tumors of the bronchi and lungs;
• oncoproctology – tumors of the colon and rectum, anus, anal sphincter;
• oncourology – tumors of the genitourinary system;
• neurooncology – tumors of the spinal cord and brain brain;
• cardiooncology – heart tumors.

Diagnostics and treatment measures in oncology

Cancer diagnostics consists of several levels. At the first, the oncologist interviews and examines the patient, and then prescribes an ultrasound. This method allows you to examine the tumor, its location, size, structure. Based on the results obtained, additional studies are prescribed:

• laboratory methods;
• radiation diagnostics;
• histological examination;
• tumor markers;
• radioisotope method.