Cysts in gynecology - types and causes of the disease, symptoms, treatment
Cysts occur:
- on or near the ovaries;
- in the cervix;
- on the mammary glands.
In this article we will talk about ovarian cysts. As a rule, a woman does not experience obvious discomfort until the formation is no more than 15 centimeters. An important feature of these neoplasms is
Cysts occur:
- on or near the ovaries;
- in the cervix;
- on the mammary glands.
In this article, we will talk about ovarian cysts. As a rule, a woman does not experience obvious discomfort until the formation is no more than 15 centimeters. An important feature of these neoplasms is that they can both appear and disappear without a trace.
Causes of cysts
Basically, neoplasms begin to appear when the balance between luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones is disturbed. These substances are produced by the pituitary gland, so regular stress and nervous breakdowns are the strongest catalyst for disruption of this process.
The main causes of cysts:
- frequent or chronic inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries;
- sexually transmitted diseases;
- hormonal imbalance, metabolism, heredity;
- regular menstrual irregularities;
- frequent and severe hypothermia, etc.
The main symptoms to pay attention to
Small cysts up to 3 centimeters in size are usually not felt by women. However, at the moment when the tumor begins to grow, you may notice some changes in your well-being, which are expressed in:
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- menstrual irregularities;
- pain in the lower abdomen during physical activity;
- unreasonable bloody discharge.
Tumors can also manifest themselves with the following symptoms:
- severe pain in the lower abdomen;
- spasms of the abdominal muscles;
- nausea, vomiting, weakness, loss of consciousness and dizziness;
- impaired stool (constipation), frequent or painful urination.
Types gynecological cysts
By qualitative composition and reasons for formation, cysts are classified as follows:
- Functional. They are formed from an unruptured Graafian follicle (corpus luteum cyst). Such tumors usually do not occur in patients during menopause. This is the only type of cyst for which conservative treatment is possible.
- Endometrioid. They are formed from overgrown endometrial cells, can rupture and provoke a strong adhesion process in the small pelvis, and also often cause severe pain.
- Dermoid. They occur more often in young girls, can contain hair and fat cells inside. Acute manifestations are not observed with small sizes, but they must be removed.
- Cystadenomas (serous). They consist of one or more compartments and can rupture on their own.
- The most dangerous option is malignant cysts. All types of cysts require careful additional examination in order not to miss the oncological process.
Any cysts larger than 3 cm can cause ovarian torsion, which can lead to its removal.
Cyst treatment options
First of all, the doctor assesses the patient's condition, conducts a visual examination and, based on the data obtained, makes a preliminary diagnosis. To get a detailed picture of the disease, you need to know the exact location of the tumor and its localization. For this:
- A set of laboratory tests is prescribed. They allow to exclude the possibility of malignancy.
- Transvaginal ultrasound diagnostics determines the size, density, contents and strength of blood flow in the capsule.
- CT and MRI diagnostics are prescribed for a more detailed study of the neoplasm.
- Mammography is necessary for the diagnosis of breast cysts.
- In some situations, taking biomaterial (biopsy) is necessary to determine the nature of the formation.
When possible, drug therapy is prescribed. It is carried out using tumor-resolving, hormonal, anti-inflammatory drugs with vitamins. Physiotherapy, mud therapy, and acupuncture are prescribed as an adjunct.
If the tumor cannot be cured with medication, surgery is performed using different methods:
- Cystectomy - the cyst itself is removed, and healthy tissues remain intact.
- Resection - removal of a wedge of affected tissue.
- Ovariectomy - the tumor is removed along with the site of formation.
- Andexectomy - complete removal of the uterus and ovaries.
Currently, the most gentle method is considered to be surgery using laparoscopy. There are no scars or large marks left after it, the body recovers much faster.
If you feel discomfort in the genitourinary system or have not been to see a gynecologist for a long time, contact the specialists of the Niarmedik clinic on Botkinsky Proezd. Experienced doctors will help identify the disease and prescribe effective treatment. Be healthy with us!
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