HEMATOLOGY
December 28th, 2006 Posted by: admin
Hematology (BE: haematology) is the division of pathology, clinical impact medicine, interior medicine, and medicine that is afraid with the think of blood, the blood-forming organs, and murder diseases. Hematology includes the think of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and hindrance of murder diseases. The impact impact that goes into the think of murder is perfomed by a Medical Technologist.
Blood diseases change the creation of murder and its components, much as murder cells, hemoglobin, murder proteins, the execution of coagulation, etc.
Hematologists
Medical doctors who impact in medicine are famous as hematologists. Their turn impact haw arrange from the direction of the medicine laboratory, impact at the microscope watch murder films and pearl goody slides, rendering of different hematological effort results, tending of in-patients and tending of out-patients.
Hematologists haw change boost or hit primary interests, for warning in:
* treating injury disorders much as hemophilia
* treating hematological malignacies much as lymphoma and cancer (onco hematology)
* treating hemoglobinopathies
* in the power of murder introduction and the impact of a murder bank
(Hema- effectuation murder in stem words, -ology effectuation the think {science} of.[refering to the prototypal stem word, as in biology, with bio- message chronicle and, of instruction , -ology message the think {or science} of])
Common Hematology Lab Tests
In a clinical impact the medicine division performs individual scrutiny tests on blood. The important effort is a rank murder calculate (CBC). Other tests are reticulocyte, alluviation rate, albescent murder radiophone count, protoplasm count, flushed murder radiophone count, and more. Coagulation is a subspecialty of hematology. General tests in coagulation are the prothrombin instance (PT) and coloured thrombokinase instance (PTT).
Hematology as base scrutiny science
* Blood
o Venous blood
o Venipuncture
o Hemopoiesis
o Blood tests
o Cord blood
* Red murder cells
o Erythropoiesis
o Erythropoietin
o Iron metabolism
o Hemoglobin
o Glycolysis
o Pentose salt pathway
* Reticuloendothelial system
o Bone marrow
o Spleen
o Liver
* Lymphatic system
* Blood transfusion
o Blood plasma
o Blood bank
o Blood donors
o Blood groups
* Haemostasis
o Coagulation
o Vitamin K
* Complement system
o Immunoglobulins
Classification of medicine diseases
* Hemoglobinopathies (congenital condition of the hemoprotein mote or of the evaluate of hemoprotein synthesis)
o Sickle-cell disease
o Thalassemia
o Methemoglobinemia
* Anemias (lack of flushed murder cells or hemoglobin)
o Iron demand anemia
o Megaloblastic anemia
+ Vitamin B12 deficiency
# Pernicious anemia
+ Folate deficiency
o Hemolytic anemias (destruction of flushed murder cells)
+ Genetic disorders of corpuscle membrane
# Hereditary spherocytosis
# Hereditary elliptocytosis
+ Genetic disorders of corpuscle metabolism
# Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase demand (G6PD)
# Pyruvate kinase deficiency
+ Immune mediated lysis symptom (direct Coombs effort is positive)
# Autoimmune lysis anemia
* Warm antibody autoimmune lysis anemia
o Idiopathic
o Systemic T.B. erythematosus (SLE)
o Evans’ syndrome (antiplatelet antibodies and lysis antibodies)
* Cold antibody autoimmune lysis anemia
o Idiopathic algid hemagglutinin syndrome
o Infectious mononucleosis
o Paroxysmal algid symptom (rare)
# Alloimmune lysis anemia
* Hemolytic disease of the infant (HDN)
o Rh disease (Rh D)
o ABO lysis disease of the newborn
o Anti-Kell lysis disease of the newborn
o Rhesus c lysis disease of the newborn
o Other murder assemble contradictoriness (RhC, Rhe, RhE, Kid, Duffy, MN, P and others)
# Drug evoked insusceptible mediated lysis anaemia
* Penicillin (high dose)
* Methyldopa
+ Hemoglobinopathies (where these is an changeful or crystaline hemoglobin)
+ Paroxysmal nighttime symptom (rare acquired clonal modify of flushed murder radiophone opencast protiens)
+ Microangiopathic lysis anemia
o Aplastic anemia
+ Fanconi anemia
+ Diamond-Blackfan anemia
+ Acquired clean flushed radiophone aplasia
* Decreased drawing of cells
o Myelodysplastic syndrome
o Myelofibrosis
o Neutropenia (decrease in the sort of neutrophils)
o Agranulocytosis
o Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
o Thrombocytopenia (decrease in the sort of platelets)
+ Idiopathic thrombocytopenic peliosis (ITP)
+ Thrombotic thrombocytopenic peliosis (TTP)
+ Heparin-induced thrombopenia (HIT)
* Myeloproliferative disorders (Increased drawing of cells)
o Polycythemia vera (increase in the sort of cells in general)
o Leukocytosis (increase in the sort of albescent murder cells)
o Thrombocytosis (increase in the sort of platelets)
o Myeloproliferative disorder
* Hematological malignancies
o Lymphomas
+ Hodgkin’s disease
+ Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
+ Burkitt’s lymphoma
+ Anaplastic super radiophone lymphoma
o Myelomas
+ Multiple myeloma
+ Waldenström macroglobulinemia
o Plasmacytoma
o Leukemias
+ Acute lymphocytic cancer (ALL)
+ Chronic lymphocytic cancer (CLL)
+ Acute myelogenous cancer (AML)
+ Chronic myelogenous cancer (CML)
+ Hairy radiophone leukemia
* Coagulopathies (disorders of injury and coagulation)
o Thrombocytosis
o Recurrent thrombosis
o Disseminated intravascular coagulation
o Disorders of action proteins
+ Hemophilia
# Hemophilia A
# Hemophilia B (also famous as Christmastime disease)
# Hemophilia C
+ Von doc disease
+ Disseminated intravascular coagulation
+ Protein S deficiency
+ Antiphospholipid syndrome
o Disorders of platelets
+ Thrombocytopenia
+ Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
+ Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
* Miscellaneous
o Haemochromatosis
o Asplenia
o Hypersplenism
+ Gauchers disease
* Haemotological changes alternative to non-haemotological disorders
o Anemia of habitual disease
o Infectious mononucleosis
o AIDS
o Malaria
o Leishmaniasis
Tests
Tests utilised in the enquiry of medicine problems include:
* Full murder count
* Erythrocyte alluviation evaluate (ESR)
* Blood film
* Bone goody biopsy
* Coombs test
* humour Ferritin level
* Vitamin B12 and Folate levels
* Prothrombin time
* Partial thrombokinase time
* Protein electrophoresis
* Hemoglobin electrophoresis
* D-dimer
Treatments
Treatments include:
* Diet advice
* Oral drug - tablets or liquefied medicines
* Anticoagulation therapy
* Intramuscular injections (for example, Vitamin B12 injections)
* Blood introduction (for anemia)
* Venesection (for shackle burden or polycythemia)
* Bone goody infix (for example, for leukemia)
* Chemotherapy (for example, for leukemia)
* Radiotherapy (in decline, for example, for leukemia)