CARDIOLOGY
December 27th, 2006 Posted by: admin
Cardiology is the division of penalization handling with disorders of the hunch and murder vessels. The earth is commonly separated in the branches of noninheritable hunch defects, thrombosis arteria disease, hunch failure, valvular hunch disease and electrophysiology. Physicians specializing in this earth of penalization are titled cardiologists.
The constituent cardiology is derivative from the Hellenic word (transliterated as kardia and message hunch or intrinsic self).
Basic morphology (Structure of the heart)
* Epicardium
* Pericardium
* Myocardium
* Papillary muscle
* Endocardium
* Coronary circulation (Blood cater of the heart)
* Heart valves
Circulatory grouping (Blood cater of the body)
* Cardiac output
* Heart rate
* Vascular resistance
* Blood vessels
Pulmonary circulation (Oxygenation of the blood)
* Pulmonary artery
* Pulmonary vein
Cardiac model (Electrical grouping of the heart)
* Electrical conductivity grouping of the heart
o Action potential
+ Ventricular state potential
* Sinoatrial node
* Atrioventricular node
* Bundle of His
* physiologist fibers
Basic cardiac physiology
* Systole
* Diastole
* Heart sounds
* Preload
* Afterload
* Kussmaul’s sign
Disorders of the thrombosis circulation
* Atherosclerosis
* Restenosis
* Coronary hunch disease (Ischaemic hunch disease, Coronary arteria disease)
* Acute thrombosis syndrome
o Angina
o Myocardial pathology (Heart attack)
Sudden cardiac modification (The steep halt of murder flow, directive to death)
* Cardiac arrest
Treatment of explosive cardiac death
* Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Disorders of the myocardium (muscle of the heart)
* Cardiomyopathy
o Ischemic cardiomyopathy
o Nonischemic cardiomyopathy
+ Amyloid cardiomyopathy
+ Hypertrophic cardiopathy (HCM)
# Hypertrophic obstructive cardiopathy (HOCM) (Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic rhinopathy (IHSS))
# Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
+ Dilated cardiomyopathy
# Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
# Tachycardia evoked cardiomyopathy
# Takotsubo cardiopathy (Transient apical ballooning, stress-induced cardiomyopathy)
+ Arrhythmogenic correct ventricular dysplasia (Arrhythmogenic correct ventricular cardiomyopathy)
+ Restrictive cardiomyopathy
* Congestive hunch failure
o Cor pulmonale
* Ventricular hypertrophy
o Left ventricular hypertrophy
* Primary tumors of the heart
o Myxoma
Disorders of the pericardium (outer covering of the heart)
* Pericarditis
* Pericardial tamponade
* Constrictive pericarditis
Disorders of the hunch valves
* Aortic regulator disorders
o Aortic insufficiency
o Aortic stenosis
o Aortic regulator replacement
o Aortic regulator repair
o Aortic valvuloplasty
* Mitral regulator disorders
o Mitral regulator prolapse
o Mitral regurgitation
o Mitral stenosis
o Mitral regulator replacement
o Mitral regulator repair
o Mitral valvuloplasty
* Pulmonary regulator disorders
o Congenital pulmonic stenosis
* Tricuspid regulator disorders
Disorders of the electrical grouping of the hunch (Cardiac electrophysiology)
* Cardiac arrhythmias
o Supraventricular tachycardia (Fast rhythms that uprise above the ventricles)
+ Atrial fibrillation
+ Atrial flutter
+ Atrial tachycardia
+ Sick canal syndrome (Tachy-Brady syndrome)
+ AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
+ AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)
* Bigeminy
* Premature ventricular contraction
* Ventricular tachycardia
o Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
o Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
+ Torsades de pointes
* Ventricular fibrillation
* Sick canal syndrome
* Bundle division block
o Left clump division block
o Right clump division block
* Heart block
o First honor hunch block
o Second honor hunch block
o Trifascicular hunch block
o Third honor hunch block
+ Lev’s disease
* Specific diseases of the electrical grouping of the heart
o Brugada syndrome
o Long QT syndrome
+ Andersen-Tawil syndrome
+ Romano-Ward syndrome
o Short QT syndrome
o Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW syndrome)
Inflammation and incident of the heart
* Endocarditis
o Rheumatic hunch disease
* Myocarditis
* Pericarditis
Congenital hunch disease
* Atrial septal defect
* Ventricular septal defect
* Patent ductus arteriosus
* Bicuspid arteria valve
* Tetralogy of Fallot
* Transposition of the enthusiastic vessels (TGV)
Diseases of murder vessels (Vascular diseases)
* Vasculitis
* Atherosclerosis
* Aneurysm
* Varicose veins
* Economy collection syndrome
* Diseases of the aorta
o Coarctation of the aorta
o Aortic dissection
* Diseases of the carotid arteries
o Carotid arteria disease
o Carotid arteria dissection
Procedures finished for thrombosis arteria disease
* Atherectomy
* Angioplasty (PTCA)
o Stenting
* Coronary arteria road surgery (CABG)
* Enhanced outside counterpulsation (EECP)
Devices utilised in cardiology
* Stethoscope
* Devices utilised to reassert connatural electrical rhythm
o Pacemaker
o Defibrillator
+ Automated outside defibrillator
+ Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
* Devices utilised to reassert murder pressure
o Artificial heart
o Heart-lung machine
o Intra-aortic expand pump
o Ventricular support device
Diagnostic tests and procedures
* Blood tests
* Echocardiogram
* Cardiac pronounce test
* Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
o Ambulatory Holter monitor
* Electrophysiologic study
o Programmed electrical stimulation
* Sphygmomanometer (Blood push cuff)
* Cardiac enzymes
* Coronary catheterization
o Myocardial Fractional Flow Reserve (FFRmyo)
o IVUS (IntraVascular UltraSound)
Cardiac caregiver agents
The followings are medications commonly formal in cardiology:
* Antiarrhythmic agents
o Type I (sodium steer blockers)
+ Type Ia
# Quinidine
+ Type Ib
# Lidocaine
# Phenytoin
+ Type Ic
# Propafenone
o Type II (beta blockers)
+ Metoprolol
o Type threesome (potassium steer blockers)
+ Amiodarone
+ Dofetilide
+ Sotalol
o Type IV (slow metal steer blockers)
+ Diltiazem
+ Verapamil
o Type V
+ Adenosine
+ Digoxin
* ACE inhibitors
o Captopril
o Enalapril
o Perindopril
o Ramipril
* Angiotensin II organ antagonists
o Candesartan
o Eprosartan
o Irbesartan
o Losartan
o Telmisartan
o Valsartan
* Chenopodiaceae blocker
* Calcium steer blocker